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The Contextual Character of Causal Evidence
Causal Inference Evidence Contextualism Interventions Manipulability Theories of Causation James Woodward
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2016/6/15
I argue for the thesis that causal evidence is context-dependent. The same causal claim may be warranted by the same piece of evidence in one context but not another. I show this in particular for the...
Evidence for the Deterministic or the Indeterministic Description?--A Critique of the Literature about Classical Dynamical Systems
determinism indeterminism randomness underdetermination ergodic theory stochatic processes dynamical systems
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2016/5/31
It can be shown that certain kinds of classical deterministic descriptions and indeterministic descriptions are observationally equivalent. In these cases there is a choice between deterministic and i...
Objective Bayesian calibration and the problem of non-convex evidence
Objective Bayesian epistemology convex sets imprecise probabilities
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2016/5/31
Jon Williamson's Objective Bayesian Epistemology relies upon a calibration norm to constrain credal probability by both quantitative and qualitative evidence. One role of the calibration norm is to en...
Causation,Chance and the Rational Significance of Supernatural Evidence
Causation chance evidential decision theory causal decision theory David Lewis
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2016/5/31
Newcomb problems turn on a tension between two principles of choice: roughly, a principle sensitive to the causal features of the relevant situation, and a principle sensitive only to evidential facto...
Causation and evidence-based practice-an ontological review
causation dispositions evidence-based practice health science ontology philosophy
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2016/5/30
This paper explores the nature of causation within the framework of evidence-based practice (EBP) for health care. The aims of the paper were first to define and evaluate how causation is presently ac...
Mechanisms:what are they evidence for in evidence-based medicine?
mechanisms explanation medicine evidence-based medicine
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2016/5/27
Even though the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement labels mechanisms a low quality form of evidence, consideration of the mechanisms on which medicine relies, and the distinct roles that mechanism...
Bayesian Epistemology and Having Evidence
bayesian dutch book evidence rationality reliabilism
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2014/11/10
Bayesian Epistemology is a general framework for thinking about agents who have beliefs that come in degrees. Theories in this framework give accounts of rational belief and rational belief change, wh...
On the Validity and Invalidity of the Same Evidence Principle:Marxism's Answer to Sceptical Problems and the Gettier Problem
Sceptical problems Gettier problem Marxism Marxist epistemology
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2016/4/19
As an expression of the law of causality, the Same Evidence Principle is a basic epistemological principle that informs daily life. Both sceptical problems and the Gettier problem make use of this pri...
Huygens's 1688 Report to the Directors of the Dutch East India Company on the Measurement of Longitude at Sea and the Evidence it Offered Against Universal Gravity
Huygens, Newton, Universal Gravity, Longitude Research
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2011/9/8
When Christiaan Huygens prepared the 1686/1687 expedition to the Cape of Good Hope on which his pendulum clocks were to be tested for their usefulness in measuring longitude at sea, he also gave instr...
Resituating Evidence in Feminist Science Studies
evidence value-laden science and values feminism Nelson Longino
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2009/9/16
This paper examines the conclusions that one must draw from the finding that there are values in science. The value-ladenness of scientific claims puts the nature and role of empirical evidence into q...
Evidence for Use: The Role of Case Studies in Political Science Research
political science case studies causality
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2009/9/11
In its most recent form, the debate about the relationship between quantitative and qualitative methodology in political science has been shaped by the publication of Designing Social Inquiry: Scienti...
From Adam Smith to Darwin; some neglected evidence
Adam Smith Darwin Descent of Man Eugenics Moral Sentiments
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2009/9/8
In this paper I call attention to Adam Smith’s “Considerations Concerning the First Formation of Languages” in order to facilitate understanding Adam Smith from a Darwinian perspective. By ‘Darwinian’...
Just a Paradigm: Evidence-Based Medicine in Epistemological Context
scientific method evidence-based medicine translational medicine
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2009/9/8
This paper is a critical review of the many criticisms that have been made of evidence-based medicine (EBM), by philosophers and others. It allows that EBM is a powerful technique for particular domai...
From Adam Smith to Darwin; some neglected evidence
Adam Smith, Darwin, Descent of Man, Eugenics, Moral Sentiments, Languages
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2011/9/8
In this paper I call attention to Adam Smith’s “Considerations Concerning the First Formation of Languages” in order to facilitate understanding Adam Smith from a Darwinian perspective. By ‘Darwinian’...
Evidence-based ethics – What it should be and what it shouldn't
ethics Evidence
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2008/11/14
Background
The concept of evidence-based medicine has strongly influenced the appraisal and application of empirical information in health care decision-making. One principal characteristic of this c...