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Is There High-Level Causation?
Causation Special Sciences Thermodynamics Ceteris Paribus Laws Minutiae Rectus Laws
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2016/6/13
The discovery of high-level causal relations seems a central activity of the special sciences. Those same sciences are less successful in formulating strict laws. If causation must be underwritten by ...
Multi-level complexities in technological development: Competing strategies for drug discovery
applied science pharmaceuticals development methodology technology
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2009/4/29
Drug development regularly has to deal with complex circumstances on two levels: the local level of pharmacological intervention on specific target proteins, and the systems level of the effects of ph...
Intuitionistic quantum logic of an n-level system
quantum logic topos theory intuitionistic
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2009/3/25
A decade ago, Isham and Butterfield proposed a topos theoretic approach to quantum mechanics, which meanwhile has been extended by Doering and Isham so as to provide a new mathematical foundation for ...
On the measurement problem for a two-level quantum system
measurement problem Born rule Berry's phase
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2008/4/15
A geometric approach to quantum mechanics with unitary evolution and non-unitary collapse processes is developed. In this approach the Schroedinger evolution of a quantum system is a geodesic motion o...
Natural Selection as a Population-Level Causal Process
natural selection evolution, causation
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2008/4/15
Recent discussions in the philosophy of biology have brought into question some fundamental assumptions regarding evolutionary processes, natural selection in particular. Some authors argue that natur...
Multi-Level Selection and the Major Transitions in Evolution
levels of selection units of selection major transitions
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2008/4/15
A number of recent biologists have used multi-level selection theory to help explain the major transitions in evolution. I argue that in doing so, they have shifted from a ‘synchronic’ to a ‘diachroni...
The Algebra Gap Between GCSE and A Level
GCSE Level
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2008/4/8
Between 1975 and the introduction of the GCSE in 1986, both GCE O Level and CSE examinations were available to 16+ pupils. Together these examinations were designed for the top 60% of the ability rang...