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A general methodology is presented to integrate complex simulation models of hydrological systems into optimization models, as an alternative to scenario-based approaches. A gradient-based hill climbi...
A digital model has been devcloped for the simulation of the rainfall - runoff process of rural watersheds. Input data are daily values of prccipitation and temperature together with mean monthly po...
There are strong seasonal variations in the depth of the thermocline and in the sea surface temperature in the western part of the Gulf of Finland. A numerical model, developed by Kraus and Turner, ...
Spatial Simulation of Snow Processes      Spatial Simulation  Snow Processes        font style='font-size:12px;'> 2009/10/28
A spatially distributed model for the simulation of snow accumulation and melt is presented. Watershed information on topography, vegetation and soils in digital terrain models (overlays) serve as t...
Application of Soil Water Flow Theory in Field Simulation      Application  Soil Water Flow Theory  Field Simulation        font style='font-size:12px;'> 2009/10/28
A numerical model based on a finite difference approximation of the basic differential equation for soil water flow is described. The equation includes a sink term representing moisture extraction b...
Accuracy of Snowmelt Runoff Simulation      Accuracy  Snowmelt Runoff Simulation       font style='font-size:12px;'> 2009/10/28
Results of runoff simulations from various basins using a snowmelt runoff model were analyzed in order to predict the accuracy of simulations in future applications of the model. It was found that t...
A conceptual runoff model is modified and applied to groundwater observations in an unconfined till aquifer, a confined aquifer under a clay deposit and a large unconfined esker aquifer. The results...
Stochastic Simulation of Evaporation Data for Australia      Stochastic Simulation  Evaporation Data  Australia        font style='font-size:12px;'> 2009/10/28
Stochastic models are developed to simulate annual, monthly and daily evaporation data for Australia. For annual and monthly synthesis, the evaporation values are generated independently and depende...
Simulation of the Impact of Combined Sewer Overflow on Rivers      Simulation  Impact  Combined Sewer Overflow       font style='font-size:12px;'> 2009/10/28
Combined sewer overflows can in some cases cause critical oxygen concentrations in small rivers. The traditional design criteria for the overflow structures is not specificly related to this effect....
Modelling of soil moisture conditions in spatially variable fields is treated using stochastic methods. Spatial variability of moisture content in a vegetation covered field is partly caused by fiel...
A digital simulation model has been presented for locating the steady state stable brine cone position beneath partially penetrating wells tapping from the fresh water zone overlying a saline zone i...
In order to test the ability of a physically based water and heat model to predict surface runoff and pipe discharge, adaptations were made to an agricultural field in the north of Sweden. A five-ye...
Uncertainty in Dam Break Flow Simulation      Uncertainty  Dam Break Flow  Simulation        font style='font-size:12px;'> 2009/10/27
The flow caused by a dam breaking across its entire length can be approximated by a one-dimensional, unsteady flow model in form of the St. Venant equations. In this model, the flow is governed by t...
A conceptual model for simultaneous computation of runoff and inorganic nitrogen leaching is described. The model is semi-empirical with coefficients that are calibrated against observed data. It ha...
Estimates of snow water equivalent derived from measurements of the attenuation of terrestrial gamma radiation vary as a function of several known sources of error. In this study, a computer simulat...

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