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Generic Security of NMAC and HMAC with Input Whitening
message authentication codes HMAC generic attacks
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2015/12/23
HMAC and its variant NMAC are the most popular approaches to deriving a MAC (and
more generally, a PRF) from a cryptographic hash function. Despite nearly two decades of research,
their exact securi...
Security Amplification against Meet-in-the-Middle Attacks Using Whitening
Block cipher meet-in-the-middle attack provable security
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2014/3/7
In this paper we introduce a model for studying meet-in-the-middle attacks on block ciphers, and a simple block cipher construction provably resistant to such attacks in this model. A side-result of t...
In vitro assessment of the effectiveness of whitening dentifrices for the removal of extrinsic tooth stains
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2009/10/16
This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of whitening dentifrices for the removal of extrinsic tooth stains. Twenty dental blocks (4 x 4 mm), including enamel and dentine, removed from freshly ...
Over-the-counter whitening agents: a concise review
Tooth bleaching Over-the-counter drugs Peroxides Review
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2009/10/16
Tooth discoloration is commonly found in the dental clinic and tooth bleaching has been considered the preferred esthetic alternative, being more conservative, safe and with predictable results. Super...
Tooth Whitening Effects on Bracket Bond Strength In Vivo
Bleaching Bond strength Bracket survival rate
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2010/3/5
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the bracket survival rate of brackets bonded to bleached and unbleached teeth.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients who...
On the Luminosity of the Fluorescent Whitening Agent Contained in Process Color
Luminosity Fluorescent Process Color
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2009/3/13
Spectral reflectance of printed colors are affected by the luminosity of F. W. A (fluorescent whitening agents) contained in substrates. We have already reported the method to measure the luminosity o...