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Physical controls on the scale-dependence of ensemble streamflow forecast dispersion
Physical controls the scale-dependence ensemble streamflow forecast dispersion
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2010/10/21
The accuracy of ensemble streamflow forecasts (ESFs) is impacted by the propagation of uncertainty associated with quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) through the physical processes occurring...
A model for assessing the systemic vulnerability in landslide prone areas
assessing systemic vulnerability landslide prone areas
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2010/10/21
The objectives of spatial planning should include the definition and assessment of possible mitigation strategies regarding the effects of natural hazards on the surrounding territory. Unfortunately, ...
Application of polarization ellipse technique for analysis of ULF magnetic fields from two distant stations in Koyna-Warna seismoactive region, West India
Application polarization ellipse technique analysis ULF
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2010/10/21
A new approach is developed to find the source azimuth of the ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic (EM) signals believed to be emanating from well defined seismic zone. The method is test applied...
Interdisciplinary analysis of soil acidification hazard and its legacy effects in Lithuania
Interdisciplinary analysis f soil acidification hazard legacy effects Lithuania
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2010/10/21
An analysis of factors influencing effective soil acidification management is reported. This analysis was conducted simultaneously at both national and local levels. These investigations were accompli...
黄土高原北部晚新近纪“吴起古湖”的古地磁年代学与古环境记录
古环境 黄土高原 晚新近纪
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2010/12/27
晚新近纪以来中国北方堆积的风成红粘土-黄土序列是古气候信息的良好载体, 在黄土高原北部的吴起地区存在一套湖相沉积物, 层位上介于第四纪黄土与晚新近纪红粘土之间, 但该古湖存在的具体时限尚不清楚. 我们利用岩石磁学及古地磁年代学方法并结合多种气候指标对代表“吴起古湖”的土佛寺剖面进行了初步研究, 结果表明湖相沉积物中特征剩磁的载体主要为磁铁矿和赤铁矿, 在此基础上得到的磁极性序列能很好地与国际地磁极...
基于服务系统的实时精密单点定位技术及应用研究
精密卫星钟差 实时精密单点定位 收敛
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2010/12/27
讨论了实时精密单点定位的若干关键技术，着重研究了实时精密钟差估计算法；利用全球40个IGS跟踪站连续、实时的观测数据流进行实时精密卫星钟差估计，解算出的实时精密钟差与CODE事后精密钟差具有较好的一致性，二者互差的RMS优于0.2 ns.采用实时估计的卫星钟差和IGS发布的超快速精密卫星轨道进行实时精密单点定位模拟实验，结果表明：经过大约15~30 min初始化后，实时精密单点定位滤波收敛之后水平...
冬季太阳11年周期活动对大气环流的影响
Brewer-Dobson环流 行星波 平均剩余环流
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2010/12/27
利用气象场的再分析资料和太阳辐射活动资料，对太阳11年周期活动影响北半球冬季(11月~3月)大气环流的过程进行了统计分析和动力学诊断.根据赤道平流层纬向风准两年振荡(QBO)的东、西风状态对太阳活动效应进行了分类讨论，结果表明：东风态QBO时，太阳活动效应主要集中在赤道平流层中、高层和南半球平流层，强太阳活动时增强的紫外辐射加热了赤道地区的臭氧层，造成平流层低纬明显增温，同时加强了南半球的Brew...
Spatial distribution of surface hoar crystals in sparse forests
Spatial distribution surface hoar crystals sparse forests
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2010/10/20
Surface hoar size and location relate directly to avalanche initiation trigger points, and they do so in small-scale spatial distributions. Physically, surface hoar will grow where the snow surface is...
Operational flood management under large-scale extreme conditions, using the example of the Middle Elbe
Operational flood management large-scale extreme conditions Middle Elbe
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2010/10/20
In addition to precautionary or technical flood protection measures, short-term strategies of the operational management, i.e. the initiation and co-ordination of preventive measures during and/or bef...
Analysis of volcanic threat from Nisyros Island, Greece, with implications for aviation and population exposure
Analysis volcanic threat Nisyros Island Greece implications aviation population exposure
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2010/10/20
Nisyros island in the South Aegean volcanic arc, Greece, is a Quaternary composite volcano with a 3.8 km wide caldera that in 1996 entered a volcano-seismic crisis, which heralded the islands' return ...
Performance based design of reinforced concrete beams under impact
Performance based design reinforced concrete beams impact
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2010/10/20
The purpose of this research is to collect fundamental data and to establish a performance-based design method for reinforced concrete beams under perpendicular impact load.
灰岩裸露区检波器三自由度耦合系统理论的研究
灰岩裸露区 检波器耦合 三自由度耦合系统
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2010/12/27
中国南方海相碳酸盐岩沉积盆地的分布幅员辽阔，地下油气等资源极为丰富，但是由于大面积坚硬灰岩的出露，给检波器完好耦合带来了很大困难，从而降低了地震采集资料的品质，严重制约了该地区未来的油气勘探.目前野外检波器耦合试验缺乏较为合适的理论指导，带有较大的盲目性.为此，本文考虑到检波器与灰岩耦合时增加了耦合介质（石膏、泥饼等）的实际情况，提出了检波器-灰岩三自由度耦合系统的理论，研究了耦合介质、尾锥和阻尼...
利用基于围陷波波形相关的网格搜索法确定昆仑山断裂带结构参数
断层带围陷波 网格搜索 波形相关
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2010/12/27
提出了确定断层带结构的一种方法，它利用基于断层带围陷波波形相关的网格搜索法，以定量地确定断层带参数.该方法通过建立一系列由断层带的相关参数构建的断层带结构模型，利用有限差分方法数值模拟每组参数对应的断层带模型所产生的围陷波，并与实际观测围陷波波形进行相关分析，计算由以断层参数为多维网格坐标的相关系数变化趋势，网格搜索其峰值，最终获得最佳的一组参数，并确定断层带的结构.本文对昆仑山断裂带人工激发的围...
利用GRACE卫星重力资料解算气候驱动的地表周年垂直形变
气候 周年变化 地表垂直形变
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2010/12/27
卫星重力和GPS测量技术可以监测地表流体(大气、海洋和陆地水)质量季节性迁移引起的地表周年形变；与陆地水等地表流体模型综合模拟的地表形变相比，卫星重力的形变监测结果避免了模型的精度不确定性带来的误差.本文利用前60阶GRACE卫星时变重力资料和“去相关”、组合滤波两类滤波方法分别解算了中国及邻区的地表季节性垂直形变，并与区内42个GPS台站上观测到的季节性信号进行了比较，发现采用“去相关”滤波方法...
LEO GPS接收机仪器偏差估计
GPS 电子总含量（TEC） 仪器偏差
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2010/12/27
LEO GPS观测已成为空间电离层研究重要手段之一，通过GPS双频观测值获取的TEC则是电离层探测的一个重要参量，为获取高精度TEC需估计和消除GPS接收机仪器偏差（DCB）.本文旨在探索一种全新的LEO GPS接收机仪器偏差的估计方法：基于电离层球对称的假设，利用CHAMP和COSMIC原始GPS观测数据，采用几何映射函数，通过最小二乘解算出GPS接收机仪器偏差.结果表明：(1)2008年1月份...